Boston, MA – Recent research conducted by scientists at Brigham and Women’s Hospital has shed light on a concerning issue affecting many Americans: iron deficiency. Published in the journal JAMA Network Open, the study found that approximately one in three individuals in the United States could be experiencing some form of iron deficiency.
Iron plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, particularly in the production of red blood cells. A deficiency in iron can have detrimental effects on overall health. The researchers aimed to better understand the prevalence of absolute iron deficiency, characterized by a lack of stored iron in the body, and functional iron deficiency, where there is sufficient stored iron but it is not utilized effectively. Analyzing data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the scientists focused on individuals who underwent blood tests to assess their iron levels and other key markers.
The findings revealed that an estimated 14% of individuals had absolute iron deficiency, while another 15% exhibited functional iron deficiency. Even among those without conditions commonly associated with iron deficiency, such as anemia, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or pregnancy, significant percentages still experienced these deficiencies. The researchers emphasized that iron deficiency, both absolute and functional, may be a prevalent yet underrecognized public health concern in the US.
Beyond the well-known associations between iron deficiency and anemia, the researchers highlighted other potential health implications. Hair loss, fatigue, and heart issues are commonly linked with iron-deficiency anemia, but iron deficiency without anemia has been tied to restless leg syndrome, impaired cognitive function, and possibly even premature death. The study also noted low usage of iron supplements among individuals with iron deficiency, indicating a lack of awareness about their condition.
Further research is needed to explore the underlying risk factors contributing to iron deficiency. Despite the researchers’ efforts, they did not establish clear connections between low iron levels and dietary intake, food security, or alcohol consumption among participants. While uncertainties remain regarding the impact of functional iron deficiency on health, the study suggests that current screening recommendations for iron deficiency may need to be reassessed.