Lubbock, Texas – Measles cases in the U.S. have surged to over 800 since the start of the year, with the majority of cases concentrated in West Texas where an ongoing outbreak began in January. The outbreak has medical experts concerned, as most cases are among individuals who have not been vaccinated against the disease, with only 3% classified as “breakthrough infections” occurring in those who have received the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) shot.
Health officials stress the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine, noting that one dose is 93% effective in preventing measles, with the second dose increasing protection to 97%. However, a small percentage of fully vaccinated individuals may still get sick during a large outbreak, according to Rodney Rohde, a professor at Texas State University.
Rohde explains that while breakthrough infections are possible, the symptoms are often milder compared to unvaccinated cases of measles. Those who have been vaccinated and still contract the virus might experience a modified version of the illness, with less severe symptoms like a less widespread rash, fainter fever, and reduced contagion.
Research indicates that the timing of vaccination, genetic factors affecting immune response, and rare cases of declining immunity over time can contribute to breakthrough infections. Despite concerns raised by some individuals about vaccine efficacy, experts affirm that the MMR vaccine provides lifelong protection against measles, with rare occurrences of immunity waning causing breakthrough cases.
Medical professionals emphasize the importance of understanding individual immune responses to vaccines, with certain factors like genetic makeup influencing the level of protection provided by the MMR vaccine. In light of rising vaccine hesitancy and the impact on measles elimination efforts, ongoing research into breakthrough infections is needed to develop effective strategies for preventing outbreaks.
In cases where individuals may have received a defective MMR vaccine or only one dose of the vaccine, experts suggest considering a booster shot to enhance immunity against measles. The possibility of needing a booster shot may vary depending on when an individual was born and their vaccination history, with specific recommendations for those born during certain periods with less effective measles vaccines.
Concerns about waning immunity, potential for breakthrough infections, and the need for additional vaccinations are all factors to consider in addressing the ongoing measles outbreak in West Texas. Medical experts stress the importance of vaccination in preventing the spread of measles and maintaining public health in communities across the United States.