Scientists in Naples, Italy are closely monitoring the Phlegraean Fields, a supervolcano known for its high emissions of volcanic carbon dioxide. The Solfatara crater in particular has been releasing increased volumes of gas since 2005, sparking concerns among researchers and locals.
Gianmarco Buono, a volcanologist at the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), is leading a study to understand the source of the carbon dioxide emissions at the Solfatara crater. By distinguishing between carbon dioxide coming from magma and other processes, Buono and his team aim to provide valuable insights into the volcanic system.
Supervolcanoes like the Phlegraean Fields are capable of producing eruptions thousands of times more powerful than regular volcanoes, with the potential to drastically impact global climate and environment. The Solfatara crater currently emits between 4,000 and 5,000 tons of carbon dioxide daily, a substantial amount equivalent to burning about 500,000 gallons of gasoline.
Changes in gas emissions, seismic activity, and ground deformation at the Solfatara crater have raised concerns about potential volcanic activity. While an increase in gas emissions can indicate unrest, it does not always lead to an eruption. Scientists are keeping a close eye on the region to monitor any significant changes.
Research conducted by Buono and his colleagues has revealed that a significant portion of the carbon dioxide emissions at the Solfatara crater stem from hot fluids interacting with rocks underground. Understanding the source of these emissions is crucial for predicting volcanic activity and assessing potential risks in volcanic regions.
By studying the gases emitted from the Solfatara crater and analyzing geological data, researchers have been able to track changes in the volcanic system over the past few decades. The region has experienced several phases of unrest since the 1950s, underscoring the dynamic nature of Earth’s geology.
Buono’s research not only sheds light on the complex interactions beneath the Phlegraean Fields but also provides valuable tools that could be applied to other volcanic areas globally. By distinguishing between magmatic and non-magmatic carbon dioxide emissions, scientists can enhance their ability to predict volcanic activity and mitigate potential hazards.
The ongoing research at the Solfatara crater highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of volcanic systems for both scientific knowledge and public safety. As scientists continue to study the Phlegraean Fields, they aim to unravel the mysteries of our planet’s geology and better comprehend the ever-changing nature of Earth.