Scientists in Chicago, Illinois have achieved a groundbreaking feat by creating a “supersolid” for the first time. This new state of matter, which combines characteristics of both a solid and a liquid, has never been achieved by coupling light and matter before. This achievement, published in the journal Science on March 5, marks a significant advancement in the field of condensed-matter physics.
So, what exactly is a supersolid and why is it so fascinating? Supersolids are characterized by particles condensing into a structured solid form while also retaining the fluidity of a liquid without viscosity. This unique behavior is governed by quantum mechanics, with the particles interacting to maintain an organized lattice structure.
In order to create supersolids, extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero are necessary. At these temperatures, particles occupy the lowest energy state, allowing researchers to observe quantum effects without the interference of heat. This allows for in-depth studies of particle interactions and characteristics without the chaotic movement caused by higher temperatures.
One of the key features of supersolids is their lack of viscosity, or resistance to flow. This property is typically seen in superfluids and supersolids, such as helium cooled to temperatures near absolute zero. This lack of viscosity allows for unique behaviors, such as the fluid siphoning itself out of containers, showcasing the fascinating effects of quantum mechanics at play.
The groundbreaking aspect of this research lies in the use of polariton systems to create supersolids. By coupling photons (light) with quasiparticles like excitons through strong electromagnetic interactions, researchers were able to condense light and matter into a supersolid state. This innovative approach opens up new possibilities for studying quantum interactions at a fundamental level.
Studying supersolids is crucial for understanding the intricate quantum interactions between particles and atoms. This research not only expands our knowledge of the underlying principles of matter but also holds potential for future applications in fields such as quantum computing, superconductors, and frictionless lubricants. The discovery of creating a supersolid out of light represents a significant leap forward in harnessing the power of quantum phenomena for practical advancements in various industries.