London, England – Ancient viral DNA sequences found in the human genome have been linked to genetic susceptibility to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
Research has shown that around 8% of human DNA is composed of genetic sequences acquired from ancient viruses known as human endogenous retroviruses (Hervs). These sequences date back hundreds of thousands to millions of years, even pre-dating the emergence of Homo sapiens.
Scientists initially considered Hervs to be “junk DNA,” but further research has revealed that these sequences play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and influencing various biological functions.
Studies have shown that Hervs can regulate the expression of other human genes, produce RNA molecules, and even proteins in blood and brain samples. Additionally, certain human genes, such as syncytins 1 and 2, are derived from Hervs and play essential roles in placental development.
In a recent study, researchers profiled Herv expression in nearly 800 autopsy brain samples and identified DNA variations associated with genetic susceptibility to major psychiatric disorders. The study found that the expression of four Hervs was linked to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.
While the precise impact of Hervs on brain cells and susceptibility to psychiatric disorders requires further research, these findings highlight the importance of these ancient viral DNA sequences in the human genome.
The study’s findings have opened up new possibilities for understanding the role of Hervs in psychiatric disorders and potentially developing new treatments in the future. Researchers are optimistic about the implications of this line of research and the insights it may provide into the underlying mechanisms of mental health conditions.