Jerome County, Idaho – Four alpacas in southern Idaho have tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, making history as the first case of bird flu detected in this species. This discovery, confirmed by the US Department of Agriculture’s National Veterinary Services Laboratories, has raised concerns regarding the virus’s ability to cross species boundaries.
The infection, identified on a farm in Jerome County, occurred due to the alpacas’ close interaction with HPAI-infected poultry, which were culled as a precautionary measure. Out of the 18 alpacas on the farm, only four were found to be infected, with no reported deaths. Genomic sequencing revealed that the virus strain found in the alpacas matches those present in US dairy cows and birds on the same farm.
The Alpaca Owners Association states there are over 264,000 alpacas in the US, emphasizing the need for heightened vigilance against the spread of HPAI. The USDA has been actively monitoring and tracking cases of H5N1 in various mammalian species since May 2022, with instances reported in dairy cows, mink, raccoons, foxes, cats, seals, bears, and other animals.
This cross-species transmission raises concerns about the virus’s potential to adapt and spread amongst mammals, potentially increasing the risk of transmission to humans. The USDA and state officials have been working diligently to identify and contain HPAI outbreaks in dairy herds, with at least 66 herds across nine states reported to be infected.
These developments underscore the importance of proactive monitoring and preventative measures to curb the spread of HPAI and minimize the risk of zoonotic transmission. Collaborative efforts between government agencies, veterinary professionals, and livestock owners are essential in safeguarding animal and public health against emerging infectious diseases.