ALCALÁ AND VALENCIA, SPAIN – A groundbreaking study unveils the first documented case of Down syndrome in a Neandertal child named “Tina,” discovered in Spain. The findings shed light on the remarkable care and support provided by Neanderthals to vulnerable members of their social group. The research, conducted by a team of international researchers, including experts from Binghamton University, State University of New York, showcases the altruistic behavior displayed by Neanderthals.
Anthropologists from the University of Alcalá and the University of Valencia in Spain examined the skeletal remains of the Neandertal child known as “Tina,” unearthed at Cova Negra, a cave in Valencia, Spain renowned for its Neandertal discoveries. Through meticulous analysis using micro-CT scans, researchers identified a congenital pathology of the inner ear associated with Down syndrome in Tina, which resulted in severe hearing loss and debilitating vertigo. Despite these challenges, Tina managed to survive to at least 6 years old, indicating the exceptional care provided by her group members.
Lead by University of Valencia Professor of Prehistory Valentín Villaverde, the research team’s use of advanced medical imaging techniques, coupled with archaeological excavations, enabled the reconstruction of a three-dimensional model for comprehensive analysis. This groundbreaking study not only documents the presence of Down syndrome in a Neandertal individual for the first time but also underscores the profound implications for understanding Neanderthal behavior.
The discovery of Tina challenges long-held beliefs about the nature of social care within Neanderthal communities. Previous cases of caregiving among Neanderthals primarily involved adult individuals, leading some to question the altruistic nature of such behaviors. However, Tina’s case represents a clear example of altruism, where assistance was provided to an individual incapable of reciprocating, emphasizing the depth of compassion and support within Neanderthal society.
Professor Mercedes Conde, lead author of the study from the University of Alcalá, highlights the significance of Tina’s discovery in establishing the existence of genuine altruism among Neanderthals. The study’s findings provide valuable insights into the compassionate nature of Neanderthals and challenge traditional interpretations of their social behaviors. Overall, the research not only advances our understanding of Neanderthals but also underscores the importance of empathy and care in ancient human societies.