Vienna, Austria – Scientists at the University of Vienna have made a groundbreaking achievement in quantum physics by measuring Earth’s rotation using entangled photons. This experiment utilized an advanced optical Sagnac interferometer that harnesses quantum entanglement to detect rotational effects with unprecedented precision, potentially advancing both quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Led by Philip Walther, the research team recently published their work in the journal Science Advances, showcasing a significant breakthrough in rotation sensitivity in entanglement-based sensors. The study’s innovative approach pushes the boundaries of measurement accuracy in relation to Earth’s rotation, opening up new possibilities at the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Sagnac interferometers have long been crucial in our understanding of fundamental physics, contributing to the development of Einstein’s special theory of relativity. These devices are highly sensitive to rotations and have played a key role in scientific advancements. The University of Vienna’s experiment took this technology a step further by integrating quantum entanglement to enhance sensitivity and precision in the measurement of Earth’s rotation.
By entangling photons and utilizing a large optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, the researchers were able to achieve a significant improvement in rotation precision compared to previous experiments. This breakthrough demonstrates the potential of quantum entanglement to surpass the limits of classical physics, paving the way for future advancements in quantum measurement techniques.
Overcoming challenges in quantum experiments, the team successfully isolated Earth’s steady rotation signal by implementing innovative techniques. By manipulating the optical fiber and employing an optical switch, the researchers managed to cancel out the rotation signal at will, creating a stable environment for their measurements. This approach enabled them to achieve remarkable precision in observing the effect of Earth’s rotation on entangled photon pairs.
The experiment, conducted as part of the research network TURIS hosted by the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, marks a significant milestone in the study of the interaction between rotating reference systems and quantum entanglement. With a thousand-fold improvement in precision, this research confirms the principles described in Einstein’s special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.
The results of this experiment not only validate fundamental theories in physics but also offer a promising foundation for future exploration in rotation sensitivity and quantum entanglement. The researchers believe that their methodology could lead to further advancements in the development of entanglement-based sensors, potentially unlocking new possibilities for testing the behavior of quantum entanglement in the context of spacetime.