Hawaii, USA – Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery regarding the explosive eruptions observed at Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes globally. Throughout 2018, Kilauea experienced an unprecedented phenomenon, with lava spewing from the crater resembling a “stomp-rocket toy.” This peculiar eruption behavior, documented at least 12 times that year, had a significant impact on the severity of the lava flow that led to the destruction of over 600 properties.
Research published in Nature Geosciences delves into the mechanisms behind these unique eruptions. According to Josh Crozier, a geologist at Stanford University and the lead researcher of the study, the explosive eruptions at Kilauea deviated from the norm. Instead of the usual triggers involving rising molten rock or expanding steam from magma heating underground water, the 2018 eruptions were likely caused by the collapse of the magma reservoir, resulting in increased gas pressure and leading to explosive eruptions reaching heights of up to 30 feet.
Groundbreaking seismic and geodetic data indicated a sudden inflation of the ground around the magma reservoir, while infra-sound measurements hinted at a drop in air pressure, presenting a different eruption spectrum from the typical groundwater-driven or magma-driven eruptions. These findings shed light on the formation of atmospheric plumes carrying hot gas and rock particles, posing hazards to aviation, human health, and the environment.
Citing abnormalities in Kilauea’s eruptions dating back to the 1920s, Crozier highlighted the role of the extra explosive activity in driving the extensive magma outpouring in 2018. The lava’s destructive path through the volcano’s east rift zone resulted in widespread property damage, underscoring the importance of understanding and predicting such events for the safety of nearby residents.
The stomp-rocket mechanism observed at Kilauea may not be exclusive to the volcano, with similar phenomena possibly occurring at other volcanoes worldwide. While the possibility of future similar eruptions at Kilauea remains, the likelihood within the next decade is minimal. Researchers emphasized the significance of comprehending plume dynamics for hazard forecasting, particularly in areas susceptible to volcanic activity, urging vigilance and preparedness among residents and authorities.
Overall, the study’s revelations offer valuable insights into the complexities of volcanic eruptions and the need for continuous monitoring and research to enhance our understanding of these natural phenomena.