Researchers at Linköping University in Sweden have conducted a groundbreaking study that explores the connection between disturbances in gut flora during early infancy and the later development of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and ADHD. By analyzing data from over 16,000 children as part of the ABIS study, significant biomarkers in cord blood and stool samples were identified, showing correlations with future diagnoses of these disorders.
The study sheds light on the impact of factors like antibiotic treatment and ear infections during infancy, which may disrupt gut flora and potentially contribute to neurodevelopmental challenges later in life. These findings open the door to further research into preventative measures and treatments, highlighting the crucial role of early-life gut flora in neurological health.
The research, led by experts from the University of Florida and Linköping University and published in the journal Cell, is the first prospective study to delve into gut flora composition and various other factors in infants in relation to their nervous system development. The ABIS study, spearheaded by Johnny Ludvigsson, has been tracking more than 16,000 children since birth, with 7.3% of them diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, communication disorder, or intellectual disability.
Among the findings, the study revealed distinct differences in intestinal flora during the first year of life between children who developed neurodevelopmental disorders and those who did not. Associations were found with factors like antibiotic treatment and repeated ear infections during infancy, hinting at a potential link between these influences and future diagnoses.
Furthermore, the presence or absence of certain bacteria in the gut, such as Citrobacter and Coprococcus, was shown to impact the risk of future neurological diagnoses. The researchers also identified protective effects from bacteria like Coprococcus and Akkermansia muciniphila, which are associated with essential substances in the stool crucial for brain signaling.
Additionally, lifestyle factors such as parental smoking increased the risk of developmental neurological diagnosis in children, while breastfeeding served as a protective factor. The study also unveiled insights from analyzing umbilical cord blood, showcasing varying levels of substances related to metabolism, including fatty acids and amino acids, as well as the presence of harmful substances like PFAS, which have potential negative effects on the immune system.
While the research is still in its early stages, the discovery of biomarkers for future developmental neurological disorders at an early age paves the way for developing screening protocols and preventive measures in the long term. The study underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between early-life gut flora and neurological health, offering promising avenues for future research and interventions.